Policy Statement
LSI supports the confident, creative, and lawful use of knowledge across teaching, learning, assessment, and research. This Policy explains how students, staff, adjunct faculty, and other academic contributors may use text, images, audio, video, software, code, data, websites, and AI-assisted material, while respecting creators’ rights, academic integrity, accessibility, and lawful freedom of speech.
Principles
- Create: Original explanation, analysis, examples, and media should be the normal starting point.
- Respect: The intellectual and creative work of others must be treated fairly.
- Check: Material must have an identifiable lawful basis before it is copied, adapted, uploaded, or shared.
- Limit: No more of another person’s work should be used than the academic purpose reasonably requires.
- Credit: Creators, sources, and applicable licences must be acknowledged clearly and accurately.
- Link: An authorised link should be used, instead of a copy, wherever this provides students with suitable access.
- Protect: Licensed, confidential, and restricted materials must remain within their authorised systems and audiences.
- Accountability: Each person remains responsible for the material they create, select, submit, or publish, including AI-assisted material.
- Accessibility: Copyright must be managed in a way that supports inclusive and equivalent access to learning.
- Support: Questions and good-faith mistakes should be addressed through timely, practical, and proportionate guidance.
Regulatory Context
This Policy has been developed in line with the applicable laws, regulations, regulatory advice, and sector best practices, including the following:
| Authority | Name | Url |
|---|---|---|
| UK Parliament |
Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988
Establishes copyright protection, ownership, restricted acts, moral rights, and the statutory exceptions relevant to study, quotation, teaching, assessment, and accessibility. |
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| UK Parliament |
Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997
Protects the original selection or arrangement of certain databases, and creates a separate right relating to substantial investment in obtaining, verifying, or presenting database contents. |
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| UK Parliament |
The Equality Act 2010
Requires higher education providers to avoid disability discrimination and make reasonable adjustments. Copyright law also permits certain accessible-format copies under defined conditions. |
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| UK Parliament |
Data Protection Act 2018 and UK GDPR
Applies where learning resources contain personal information, student work, interviews, recordings, or identifiable online content, or where such information is processed through an AI service. |
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| Office for Students |
Regulatory Framework for Higher Education in England, particularly Conditions B1 and B2
Requires LSI to provide a high-quality academic experience and sufficient resources and support to enable students to succeed. Lawful, current, and accessible learning materials contribute to these requirements. |
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| UK Parliament and Office for Students |
Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 and OfS Regulatory Advice 24
Requires registered providers to take reasonably practicable steps to secure freedom of speech within the law and to protect academic freedom. Copyright is one of the lawful rights that must be respected without using it as a pretext for viewpoint restriction. |
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| Quality Assurance Agency |
UK Quality Code for Higher Education 2024
Provides sector-agreed reference points for academic integrity, appropriate resources, accessible learning, teaching, assessment, and student support. |
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Scope and Application
This Policy applies to anyone who designs, creates, reviews, approves, teaches, records, accesses, submits, or publishes academic material through LSI. It covers module development, teaching, learning, supervision, assessment, feedback, student support, research, and project work. A person remains responsible for material they introduce into LSI’s work, even where it was first located, summarised, translated, adapted, or generated by another person or by technology. Responsibility follows the decision to use or distribute material. Delegating preparation or using an AI system does not remove the need to check the final content. |
This Policy applies to material in any format, including books, articles, reports, presentations, websites, photographs, artwork, diagrams, charts, maps, films, animations, broadcasts, music, podcasts, sound recordings, software, source code, databases, datasets, assessments, recorded teaching, translations, transcripts, social-media content, and AI-assisted outputs. It applies whether material is printed or digital, freely accessible or subscription-based, published or unpublished, and whether it was created by a student, colleague, external author, or organisation. Online postgraduate learning brings together many forms of content. |
The Policy applies when material is copied, scanned, photographed, downloaded, uploaded, embedded, emailed, adapted, translated, recorded, performed, displayed, distributed, entered into an AI service, or made available through the Automated Governance System (AGS), Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), or another School system. It also applies when material developed for a secure learning environment is later used in a public presentation, portfolio, website, social-media post, commercial project, or promotional publication. The legal position can change when the purpose, audience, duration, or method of distribution changes, even though the underlying material remains the same. |
This Policy must be read alongside the Academic Misconduct Regulations, Artificial Intelligence Policy, Student Intellectual Property Policy, Teaching and Learning Policy, Assessment and Feedback Policy, Learning Resources and Facilities Policy, Free Speech and Academic Freedom Policy, Learning Support and Reasonable Adjustments Policy, Data Protection Policy, IT and Digital Safeguarding Policy, Research Ethics, Governance, and Prevent Compliance Code of Practice, Research Supervision Code of Conduct, and applicable contracts. The requirements work together. Material may be properly licensed, but still amount to plagiarism if presented as original work. A screenshot may be permitted under copyright law, but remain unsuitable because it reveals personal or confidential information. A student may own their original project while having no ownership of third-party code, images, or data incorporated into it. Copyright does not replace duties relating to academic authorship, privacy, accessibility, ethics, confidentiality, or contractual ownership. |
LSI provides its academic community with approved learning resources, such as a digital e-book service. These services give authorised users substantial capabilities for accessing information, supporting learning, and developing academic work, subject to their licenses and individual terms. The permissions are resource-specific. LSI’s academic delivery is not based on blanket collective copying, broadcast, film, music, newspaper, or image licences. Third-party material should therefore be used through one or more of the following lawful routes:
Numerical permissions published by other institutions under their own collective licences—including allowances expressed as a chapter, article or percentage—do not form part of LSI’s permissions. This gives staff and students a clear and dependable basis for creating high-quality online content, without relying on permissions granted under another institution’s licensing arrangements. |
Understanding Copyright
Copyright normally arises automatically when a qualifying original work is created. The creator does not ordinarily need to register the work, display a copyright symbol, or charge for access. Material may therefore remain protected even where it is freely available online, appears on social media, has no named author, contains no copyright notice, or can be downloaded easily. Buying or obtaining access to a copy does not ordinarily transfer copyright in the underlying work. Availability is not the same as permission. The ability to view, save, or purchase material does not automatically include the right to reproduce or redistribute it. |
Subject to a licence or legal exception, the copyright owner may control copying, scanning, uploading, adapting, translating, distributing, performing, playing, showing, recording, and communicating a protected work. Copyright can be infringed by using the whole work or a substantial part of it. ‘Substantiality’ concerns the quality and significance of what has been taken, as well as its size. A short passage, single image, conclusion, musical phrase, or important piece of code may be ‘substantial’ where it captures a distinctive or central part of the work. There is no universal safe word count, page count, or percentage. Each use must be considered in context, and by reference to what the material contributes to the original work. |
Copyright and academic integrity are connected, but distinct. ‘Copyright’ asks whether there is a lawful basis for copying, adapting, uploading, or sharing material. ‘Academic integrity’ asks whether the source, authorship, and assistance have been represented honestly. A source may be fully acknowledged, but still copied unlawfully. Conversely, material may be lawfully licensed, but constitute plagiarism if someone presents it as their own work. A copyright misunderstanding should not be classified automatically as academic misconduct, unless the circumstances also meet the relevant academic-integrity definition. Keeping the two matters distinct supports fair and proportionate decision-making. LSI’s Academic Misconduct Regulations already distinguish poor academic practice arising from unfamiliarity from more serious misconduct. |
Copyright law permits certain limited uses without the owner’s permission. Exceptions relevant to LSI may include non-commercial research and private study, quotation, criticism or review, illustration for instruction, setting and answering examination questions, and making accessible-format copies. Each exception has defined conditions. Depending on the exception, the use may need to be fair dealing, limited to a particular purpose, no greater than reasonably necessary, supported by sufficient acknowledgement, and undertaken by a person giving or receiving instruction. Some exceptions also require the work to have been made available to the public, or the activity to be non-commercial in purpose. The expression ‘fair use’ should not be used as a general justification. English law applies particular copyright exceptions, several of which require fair dealing. Education is supported by copyright law, but it is not a general exemption. The relevant statutory conditions must be applied to the particular material and use. |
‘Fair dealing’ has no single numerical definition. The user should consider the purpose of the use, the amount taken, whether the material has already been lawfully made available, the significance of the part used and whether the use could replace a purchase, subscription, or authorised visit to the original. A use is more likely to be fair where it is genuinely necessary for the academic purpose, is accompanied by analysis or instruction, is limited to the relevant audience, and does not undermine the normal market for the work. Repeated small extracts may need to be considered together where they effectively reconstruct or replace the original. Fairness is assessed on the complete circumstances, rather than through a mechanical copying allowance. |
A protected work may be used for the sole purpose of illustrating a teaching point where the use is fair dealing, non-commercial in purpose, undertaken by a person giving or receiving instruction—or preparing to do so—and accompanied by sufficient acknowledgement. Award-bearing, higher education teaching may fall within this exception, even though tuition fees are charged, because the relevant question concerns the purpose of the particular use. LSI will nevertheless apply the exception carefully. The material must genuinely explain, demonstrate, or reinforce learning. The exception should not be relied upon automatically for consultancy, commercial client delivery, marketing, recruitment, or promotional activity. The exception enables purposeful teaching, while preserving the market for publications and media. Clear separation from promotional and commercial activity strengthens the legal basis for its use. |
A quotation or extract may be used where the work has been made available to the public, the use is fair, the amount is no more than the purpose requires, and sufficient acknowledgement is given. Quotation may support explanation, comparison, and analysis. Criticism or review should engage with the work, or an issue connected with it. Merely reproducing material without an academic purpose, or meaningful commentary, is unlikely to be justified by these exceptions. These exceptions support scholarship and intellectual debate, while requiring the user to contribute genuine academic purpose, rather than reproduce another person’s work as a substitute. |
Students may make limited copies for their own non-commercial research or private study where the use is fair. This supports individual learning and investigation; it does not authorise a student or member of staff to make copies for an entire class or group. Where the activity is research rather than private study, sufficient acknowledgement must be given. Platform conditions, data-protection duties, and technological access controls must also be respected. The exception is designed to enable the individual learner or researcher, not to create a general distribution right. |
The Lawful-Use Pathway
Original explanation, analysis, activities, examples, visualisations, photographs, code, and demonstrations should be used wherever they can meet the academic purpose effectively. Original creation does not mean ignoring scholarship. Sources should still be researched and cited, but the final expression should represent the author’s own academic contribution, rather than a reconstruction of another resource. Original content strengthens LSI’s distinctive educational approach and provides greater freedom to update, adapt and reuse material across cohorts. |
Where students or staff can access a resource lawfully, provide a stable link, digital object identifier, authorised embed, or clear directions to the source, instead of uploading a copy. A link should lead to the rights holder, authorised publisher, approved digital resource, legitimate open-access repository, or another lawful source. Links should not be used where there is reason to believe that the destination is pirated, or designed to avoid payment or access controls. Linking preserves the owner’s access arrangements, attribution, and current version. |
The user must identify what the licence permits, who may use the material, whether adaptation is allowed, whether access must be restricted, how attribution must appear, and whether the licence limits commercial use or redistribution. Terms such as “free”, “educational”, “royalty-free” or “available online” should not be treated as a licence, unless the relevant permission and conditions can be identified. A licence gives a clear route to reuse, but only within the rights and conditions actually granted by its owner. |
Where the proposed use is not adequately supported by a licence or statutory exception, written permission should be obtained from the rights holder. The request should identify the material, amount, purpose, audience, method of delivery, period of use, territory, and whether access will be secure or public. Any fee or material restriction must be approved before LSI accepts it. Please speak to the Director of Education. A precise permission request creates evidence of what the rights holder authorised, and avoids uncertainty when content is reused or refreshed. |
Before relying on an exception, the user should identify the particular exception and be able to explain why its conditions are met. For significant or recurring module content, this explanation must be recorded and shared with the Director of Education in writing. The assessment should consider whether the source was accessed lawfully, whether the amount is necessary, whether the use is fair, whether acknowledgement has been provided, whether the audience is suitably restricted, and whether the material might replace authorised access. Naming and recording the relevant exception turns a general assumption into a reasoned and reviewable academic decision. |
Acknowledgement should identify, as appropriate, the creator, title, publisher or platform, date, source, rights holder, licence, and any alteration made. Images, diagrams, tables, clips, and code should normally be credited near the item rather than only in a general bibliography. Acknowledgement remains necessary even where material is openly licensed. It does not, on its own, provide permission to copy. Clear attribution respects creators, supports moral rights and academic integrity, and is a condition of several copyright exceptions and licences. |
Each module must maintain a proportionate record of significant third-party material, which must be shared with the Director of Education. The record should show what the item is, where it appears, its source, the lawful basis for use, the acknowledgement supplied, and any restrictions or review dates. Ordinary academic citations do not need to be duplicated where the module already records them adequately. Particular attention should be given to images, multimedia, code, datasets, substantial quotations, and material used under express permission or a statutory exception. A concise audit trail enables efficient module review, supports continuity when academic personnel change, and demonstrates responsible content approval. |
Practical Decision Guide
A user can normally proceed where the material is their own original work, is owned by LSI, has been commissioned with suitable rights, is linked from an authorised source, is clearly in the public domain, is covered by a suitable open licence, or is supported by written permission for the proposed use. Any attribution, privacy, confidentiality, or licence conditions must still be followed. These routes provide a clear and evidenced legal basis suitable for online material that may remain available to successive cohorts. |
Closer consideration is required for quotations relied upon under fair dealing, complete images used for analysis, brief audiovisual extracts, website screenshots, adapted open content, repeated extracts from the same work, material under a NonCommercial or NoDerivatives licence, and content moving from a secure environment to public use. The user should document the reason for significant or recurring uses, and seek guidance where the position remains uncertain. These uses may be entirely lawful, but their status depends on the purpose, amount, audience, licence conditions and likely effect on the owner. |
Specific permission or approval is required from the Director of Education before undertaking activities such as uploading complete publisher files, scanning readings for a cohort, reconstructing a publication through multiple extracts, downloading and re-uploading commercial films or music, adding commercial music to recorded content, sharing subscription files, removing rights notices, bypassing access controls, uploading substantial third-party works to an AI service, or publishing restricted course content externally. Material should not be copied merely because another institution uses it or because no rights holder is readily identifiable. These activities commonly replace authorised access, involve rights beyond a limited teaching purpose, or depend on licences that do not form part of LSI’s resource model. |
Academic Content Created by Staff and Adjunct Faculty
Module content should predominantly contain original explanation, analysis, examples, learning activities and commentary produced for the approved module. An author must not incorporate work owned by a previous employer, university, publisher, or client, unless they have retained the necessary rights. The same applies to confidential information, jointly created work, unpublished material, and content taken from another course. Authors reusing their own published work must check whether they transferred copyright, or accepted restrictions, under a publishing agreement. All authors must comply with the intellectual-property, originality, confidentiality, and warranty provisions of their LSI agreement. The person who originally wrote material may no longer control its reuse. Checking present ownership protects both LSI and the author from conflicting commitments. |
Required and recommended readings should normally be provided through a direct link to the approved e-book service, an authorised publisher page, a legitimate open-access repository, or another approved lawful source. An individual user’s ability to read or download an item does not ordinarily authorise its incorporation into the VLE. Downloaded e-books, publisher PDFs, scanned chapters, and complete articles must not be uploaded unless an applicable licence, express permission, or specific legal basis clearly authorises that use. Brief extracts may be included where they are genuinely required for quotation, criticism, review, or illustration for instruction, and all relevant conditions are satisfied. Direct access allows students to engage with the complete and current source, while preserving the publisher’s access arrangements, and the integrity of LSI’s module content. |
A quotation must have a defined academic purpose, come from a lawfully accessed source, use no more than reasonably necessary, be distinguished clearly from the author’s own words, and be supported by suitable acknowledgement. The academic author should explain, compare, apply, question, or analyse the extract. Where a paraphrase and link can meet the purpose equally well, that will often be the stronger approach for permanent asynchronous content. There is no automatic permitted word count, page count, or percentage. A well-chosen extract supports learning through the academic work built around it; reproducing source material for convenience does not. |
Original, commissioned, openly licensed, or expressly permitted visuals, should be used wherever practicable. A protected visual may be included under a statutory exception where it is necessary to explain, criticise, or analyse the visual, or to illustrate a specific teaching point. Where a protected visual is justified, it must be acknowledged, presented only at the quality reasonably required, kept within the appropriate audience, and accompanied by the relevant teaching or analysis. Any alteration should be identified and must respect the creator’s moral rights. Redrawing, recolouring, translating labels, or cropping a visual, does not necessarily make it an independent work. A complete visual can represent the central creative expression of a work, even when it occupies only a small part of a module page. |
For online teaching, authorised links and embeds should be used wherever possible so that students access films, videos, podcasts, and recordings through the legitimate source. Complete commercial films, programmes, music tracks, and sound recordings, must not be downloaded, uploaded, recorded, or transmitted to students without specific authority. Personal streaming subscriptions must not be used to provide collective access. A brief extract may be included where it is necessary for illustration, quotation, criticism, or review, the use is fair, the source is acknowledged, and the material remains within the appropriate teaching audience. Commercial music must not be added as background, introduction, or atmosphere to recorded teaching, or promotional material, without an appropriate licence. LSI will not treat the statutory exception for showing or playing works within a physical educational establishment as general authority for recorded or on-demand online communication. Online transmission and permanent recording engage rights beyond those involved in playing a lawful copy during a physical class. |
Before a lecture, webinar, or demonstration is recorded, the responsible author must review the slides, images, audio, video, software interfaces, student contributions, and other third-party material likely to appear. Material that may be suitable for a live explanation may need to be paused, removed, replaced, or linked separately, before a recording is retained for asynchronous access. Speakers and participants must also be informed about the recording and its intended use in accordance with LSI’s privacy and consent requirements. Recording changes a temporary teaching event into a reproducible resource with a longer life and potentially wider audience. |
An assessment may contain a third-party extract where candidates need it to understand or answer the question. The extract must be necessary, proportionate, and made available only to authorised candidates, markers, and examiners. Acknowledgement should be provided. A separate rights review is required before the same material is published as a sample assessment, placed in a public repository, used for recruitment, or made available outside the secure assessment process. A statutory permission connected with setting or answering an examination does not automatically extend to later public distribution. |
Students Using Learning Materials
Students may access approved learning resources through their individual accounts, make personal notes, and download or print material, where the service terms and law permit. Material obtained for private study must not be placed in a shared folder, distributed to classmates, posted online, sold, uploaded to an AI service in substantial form, or otherwise used outside the purpose for which it was supplied. Students should use authorised links when recommending a source to others, rather than distributing their downloaded copy. Personal-study rights support the individual learner. |
Students may quote, discuss, and analyse another person’s work where it is relevant to the assessment. Copied words must be identified as quotations, sources must be cited in the required academic style and images, code, datasets, figures, and other media must be acknowledged. Only the amount reasonably needed should be included. The student’s own analysis, judgement, and application must remain central to the submission. Relevant sources, drafts, and AI records should be retained where required by the assessment or School policy. Proper use of sources demonstrates scholarship while ensuring that the assessment remains evidence of the student’s own achievement. |
Students must not present another person’s words, analysis, images, code, data, design, translation, media, or AI-assisted output as their own. Where an error arises from unfamiliarity with academic conventions, it may be addressed as poor academic practice. Deliberate, or serious misrepresentation, may be considered under the Academic Misconduct Regulations. A fully acknowledged copyright concern should not be called plagiarism, unless the academic-integrity definition is also met. Accurate classification protects academic standards, while ensuring that legal-use questions and dishonest authorship are not treated as though they are always the same. |
LSI learning materials are supplied to support the student’s registered programme. Module text, presentations, recorded content, assessment questions, model answers, feedback, subscription resources, discussion-board content, and other material must not be published, sold, or circulated outside the authorised learning environment. This applies to social media, messaging groups, extending beyond the authorised cohort, public repositories, commercial study platforms, file-sharing services, and AI systems. Students may create and discuss their own non-verbatim notes and learning reflections, provided these do not reproduce a substantial part of protected course content, or disclose confidential information. Access through enrolment supports learning, but does not transfer ownership, or confer a general right to republish the course. |
Members of an authorised assessment group may exchange material where it has been obtained lawfully, the sharing is permitted, and it is required for the group activity. The group should identify external sources, distinguish original from third-party contributions, and acknowledge and preserve licence and attribution details. A member’s individual access to a subscription resource does not necessarily permit them to distribute the downloaded file to other members. Transparent source management supports lawful collaboration and helps establish each student’s contribution. |
A project submitted privately for assessment may require additional rights before it is published, demonstrated to an employer, entered into a competition, shared with a partner, used to establish a business or commercialised. Before wider use, the student must review third-party text, images, code, software libraries, datasets, models, music, video, branding, participant contributions, and AI-assisted content. Original and openly licensed resources should be selected early wherever possible. Rights sufficient for a secure examination do not necessarily cover public communication or commercial exploitation. |
Ownership of student-created intellectual property is governed by the Student Intellectual Property Policy. A student’s ownership of their original contribution does not extend to protected material belonging to another person. Any rights granted to LSI, exceptions concerning funded or commissioned work, and arrangements for collaborative projects, remain governed by the existing policy and applicable agreements. Distinguishing the student’s original rights from incorporated third-party rights supports responsible innovation and later commercial development. |
Guidance for Particular Media and Activities
Public accessibility does not place website or social-media content outside copyright. Users should normally link to the original page, or use the platform’s authorised sharing or embedding tools. A screenshot may be included where the appearance of a website, interface, or post is genuinely necessary to the academic purpose. It should show only the relevant content, identify the source and date, and remove unnecessary personal or confidential information. Private posts, restricted accounts, and material concerning identifiable or vulnerable individuals require particular care. Research use may also require ethical approval or consent. A screenshot can engage copyright, trademarks, data protection, confidentiality, and research ethics simultaneously. |
Code and technical documentation must be used in accordance with their applicable proprietary or open-source licence. Users must retain required copyright and licence notices, identify external dependencies, and comply with conditions governing modification, redistribution, source disclosure, and compatible licensing. Code that can be viewed publicly should not be described as open source, unless an identifiable open-source licence applies. Proprietary, confidential, or employer-owned code must not be copied into LSI work without authority. Please speak to the Director of Education if further support is needed. AI-generated code must be reviewed for security, accuracy, recognisable third-party elements, and possible licence conflicts. Software licences can impose obligations extending beyond the copied lines and may affect how the wider project can be distributed. |
Before using data, the user must identify the source, licence, version, and permitted purposes. Restrictions may apply to extraction, redistribution, commercial use, and the creation of derived datasets. Facts may not be protected in the same way as their particular expression, but a database may attract copyright in its selection or arrangement and a separate database right arising from substantial investment. Repeated extraction of smaller portions may be restricted where it effectively reconstructs a protected database. Personal, confidential, or sensitive data must also be handled under the applicable data-protection and research-ethics requirements. Please see the Research Ethics, Governance, and Prevent Compliance Code of Practice. Data use may involve several distinct rights and obligations even where individual facts appear freely available. |
A logo may be shown proportionately where necessary to identify or discuss an organisation. It must not be used in a manner suggesting sponsorship, partnership, or endorsement where none exists. Prominent use in public, commercial, partnership or promotional material must comply with the organisation’s brand guidance, or be supported by permission. Accurate identification supports academic discussion, while misleading presentation can create separate trademark concerns. |
Before recording an interview, webinar, consultation, or guest contribution, the organiser must explain the purpose, audience, period of availability, editing arrangements, and intended future use. Appropriate consent or release must be obtained and retained. The contributor’s permission to record does not automatically clear rights in their employer’s slides, embedded images, music, videos or other material. Recorded contributions combine copyright, performers’ rights, privacy, confidentiality, and personal-data responsibilities. |
Translation, redrawing, rearrangement, editing, or conversion into another format may remain an act of copying or adaptation. Changing colours, labels, language, dimensions, or file type, does not necessarily create an independent work. Where possible, users should return to lawfully obtained facts, ideas, or principles, and create a genuinely original expression. The intellectual source should still be acknowledged. Copyright normally protects the author’s expression, rather than the underlying idea. |
Open Resources and Permissions
The exact licence and version must be checked for the particular work. As a practical guide:
Material carrying a Non-Commercial licence should not be incorporated into LSI course content automatically. Approval should be obtained, unless the rights holder or reliable licence guidance clearly confirms that the intended use is permitted. A publication’s open licence may exclude particular photographs, diagrams, logos, or other third-party material contained within it. Please read the open licence carefully. Open licensing promotes access and reuse, but “open” does not mean that the work has no owner or conditions. |
A work should be treated as public domain only where its status has been checked with reasonable confidence. Age, anonymous authorship, archive display, or an unsupported online label is not sufficient by itself. Material expressly made available under the Open Government Licence may be reused in accordance with its attribution requirements. Users must check for excluded third-party content, logos, personal information, and other rights. Copyright duration and ownership vary by the type, date, and history of the work, and the organisation displaying an item may not own every component. |
Written permission must be retained with the module or project record and shared with the Director of Education. The user must comply with any conditions concerning attribution, duration, audience, territory, adaptation, and security. Permission for one purpose should not be assumed to cover another. Secure teaching, access, public publication, and commercial development may each require different rights. A reliable record ensures that future users understand precisely what was agreed and prevents rights from being unintentionally extended. |
The rights position must be reviewed where permission expires, a resource changes platform, licence terms are amended, the audience expands, content becomes public, a project becomes commercial, or a module is substantially refreshed. Please keep the Director of Education updated. Material whose lawful basis has ended, or become unclear must be replaced, renewed or removed. Rights clearance may be limited by time, audience and purpose; lawful initial publication does not necessarily authorise every later use. |
Artificial Intelligence and Copyright
Uploading material to an AI system may involve making a copy and disclosing it to a service provider. Lawful access to the original does not automatically authorise those additional acts. A limited extract may be used only where the user can identify a suitable licence, permission, or properly considered statutory basis, and where the use complies with LSI’s AI and data-protection requirements. Careful control of inputs protects creators’ rights, confidential academic content, student work, and personal information at the same time. |
An output must not be assumed to be original, accurate, properly sourced, free from third-party rights, or suitable for unrestricted publication. Any rights granted by the approved service remain subject to applicable law and the rights of other people. Before using an output, the user must review its accuracy, verify its references, inspect code and media, consider whether any expression appears recognisably copied, and replace material whose provenance is uncertain. The user remains responsible for the final work. Access to an AI service supplies a powerful tool; it does not provide a universal guarantee concerning every element generated by that tool. |
Where an AI output identifies, or appears to rely on a particular publication, author, dataset, or other source, the original source must be consulted, verified, and cited directly. New AI use must be disclosed in accordance with the Artificial Intelligence Policy and the requirements of the assessment or activity. AI summarisation or paraphrasing must not be used to disguise close copying, avoid attribution, or create references that have not been checked. Academic credit should follow the original intellectual source, while separate AI disclosure provides transparency about the process used. |
AI may support content development if permitted by LSI. The academic author must provide the substantive intellectual direction, verify accuracy and currency, check sources and copyright, review third-party rights, inspect generated code and media, remove fabricated or uncertain material, and adapt the work to the approved module specification. The approved AI service must not be used to reproduce or closely imitate another’s work or institution’s course. Prompts, outputs, decisions, and disclosures must be retained in accordance with the Artificial Intelligence Policy, and shared with LSI when requested. AI can accelerate development, but accountable academic authorship is important. |
Accessibility and Inclusive Learning
Where a disabled student requires a different format, LSI will consider whether it or the student has lawful access to the source, whether a suitable accessible version is already available, which copyright exception or licence applies, and what adaptation is reasonably necessary. Accessible copies may include screen-readable text, large print, Braille, audio, captions, transcripts, audio description, or an adapted layout. Copies made under a disability exception must be supplied and retained only within the conditions of that exception. Copyright law provides specific routes for accessible copies, while the Equality Act requires reasonable steps to remove barriers to education. |
Original content should use structured headings, meaningful links, alternative text, accessible tables, captions, transcripts, readable contrast, selectable text, and accessible document formats. Inaccessible scanned material and images containing substantial text should be avoided where an accessible original or lawful alternative can meet the purpose. Designing accessibility into the original resource reduces the need for later adaptation and improves the experience of the whole student community. |
A copyright concern must not be used to refuse an adjustment without considering lawful alternatives. These may include another edition, a licensed accessible version, publisher assistance, an open substitute, an equivalent resource, or a different learning activity meeting the same outcome. Students should not be expected to resolve the School’s rights or access arrangements themselves. Please contact the Head of Student Services for further support. The objective is equivalent access to the learning outcome, even where a particular work cannot lawfully be reproduced in the requested form. |
Freedom of Speech and Academic Freedom
This Policy does not prevent lawful criticism, review, quotation, comparison, research, or discussion of controversial, harmful, unpopular or challenging works and ideas. A work can be described and discussed without reproducing it. Where direct reproduction is necessary to the academic purpose, the justified amount may be used in accordance with the relevant licence or statutory exception. Academic freedom protects the examination and testing of ideas; it does not require unrestricted reproduction of the form in which another person expressed them. |
Copyright questions must be assessed by reference to ownership, licence, purpose, amount, audience, market effect, legal exception, and available alternatives. A viewpoint must not receive less favourable treatment because it is controversial, critical, or unpopular. Where too much material has been copied, the preferred response should ordinarily be to reduce the extract, add a link, obtain permission, replace the item, or correct its acknowledgement, rather than remove the underlying academic argument. Please contact the Director of Education for further support. Neutral legal criteria protect creators, while supporting LSI’s duty to maintain a strong presumption in favour of lawful speech and academic inquiry. |
Material lawfully used within a secure teaching or assessment context must not automatically be transferred to a public website, social-media account, open event, advertisement, prospectus, public repository, or commercial presentation. Teaching and assessment exceptions depend on their purpose and context and may not extend to public or promotional communication. |
Support and Response to Concerns
Guidance from the Director of Education should be sought before publication where a central or substantial part of a work is proposed, the use will be public, a licence is unclear, a NonCommercial or NoDerivatives term applies, film or music is involved, material will remain in an asynchronous module, the owner cannot be identified, a project may become commercial, or an AI output closely resembles existing work. A short enquiry during preparation is usually easier to resolve than withdrawing embedded content after students have begun using it. |
A person raising a concern should identify the material, its location, the suspected rights holder, the nature of the concern, and any supporting information available. Specialist legal language is not required. The Director of Education will consider the matter objectively and will not presume either infringement or misconduct merely because a concern has been raised. An accessible reporting route supports early resolution and gives all affected parties an opportunity to explain the relevant circumstances. |
Where a credible concern is identified, LSI may temporarily restrict access, replace a copy with a link, suspend distribution, or remove public visibility, while reviewing ownership, source, licence, permission, purpose, amount, audience, accessibility, and available alternatives. Temporary restriction is a neutral protective measure and does not amount to a finding of infringement, misconduct, or liability. Limited interim action can prevent further distribution, while preserving a fair and informed decision-making process. |
A concern may be resolved by correcting attribution, reducing an extract, replacing a file with a link, using an open resource, obtaining permission, restricting the audience, removing the item, updating the Copyright and Sources Record, or providing further guidance. An isolated good-faith mistake should normally be addressed promptly and constructively. Any effect on an assessment must be considered separately under the Academic Misconduct Regulations. Practical correction protects rights and improves future practice, without treating every misunderstanding as deliberate wrongdoing. |
Serious, deliberate, or repeated misuse may be considered under the applicable Academic Misconduct Regulations, Student Disciplinary Policy, staff procedure, adjunct or contractor agreement, data-protection requirements, or IT regulations. Any response must take account of intention, seriousness, scale, audience, previous guidance, impact, cooperation, promptness of correction, and whether a distinct academic, contractual, or disciplinary breach has been established. Proportionate escalation maintains accountability while distinguishing systematic or deliberate conduct from an isolated mistake. |
Access, Assurance, and Review
Staff and adjunct faculty responsible for creating or approving academic content must receive access to this policy before their first content creation. This covers LSI’s digital-resource model, linking, quotations, fair dealing, images, audiovisual material, open licences, AI inputs and outputs, and accessibility. Onboarding access enables content authors to make confident decisions, while their material is still being developed. |
Students must receive access to policies on copyright, academic integrity, AI use, personal study, responsible use of learning resources, and public sharing. Relevant expectations should be reinforced through modules and assessment instructions. Copyright understanding is an academic and professional capability that develops through explanation, application, and feedback. |
Every scheduled module review or substantial content refresh must consider broken links, changed terms, expired permissions, attribution, accessibility, third-party media, AI-assisted additions, and any restricted material that has become publicly available. Content lacking a current lawful basis must be corrected, renewed, replaced, or removed before republication. Online content may serve several cohorts, while sources and licences can change over time. |
This Policy will be reviewed at least annually and earlier where there is a material change in copyright or AI law, OfS requirements, LSI’s delivery model, approved services, institutional licences, significant concerns, or relevant sector practice. Amendments must follow LSI’s established arrangements for policy approval and publication. Regular review keeps institutional guidance reliable while avoiding the need for individual users to interpret significant legal or technological changes alone. |
Before publishing, uploading or submitting material, ask:
Where the lawful basis remains unclear, the material should not be published until guidance has been obtained or a suitable alternative selected. |
The following metrics will be measured and regularly reviewed as key performance indicators for LSI to ensure the effectiveness of this policy and associated operations.
Copyright Onboarding CompletionMeasures whether copyright guidance reaches staff, adjunct faculty, and students before they need to make important content decisions. All newly appointed staff and adjunct faculty responsible for academic content will complete copyright induction before their first content approval. At least 90% of commencing students will complete the relevant copyright, academic-integrity, and AI onboarding activity by the end of their second week. Early understanding supports confident use of resources and prevents avoidable problems during content creation and assessment. |
Management of Copyright ConcernsMeasures the prompt and proportionate handling of credible concerns. All credible concerns will be acknowledged within two working days. Where continued availability presents a material risk, access will be restricted as soon as reasonably practicable. At least 90% of matters will be resolved, or have an agreed action plan, within ten working days. Timely handling protects creators, students and LSI while allowing proper review, explanation and correction. |
Timeliness of Copyright GuidanceMeasures how promptly staff and students receive practical assistance. At least 90% of routine enquiries will receive a substantive answer or clear next step within five working days. Matters affecting imminent assessment or publication will be triaged within two working days. Prompt advice encourages users to ask questions early rather than proceed uncertainly or remove useful material unnecessarily. |